Gurney Equation 3D Simulator

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Gurney Simulator

Initializing 3D Engine...

Configuration

Materials

Casing Material

Auto-Calculate Mass

Explosive Type

Gurney Constant √(2E)

Velocity (m/s)

5005000

Mass Parameters

Metal Casing Mass — M (kg)

0.0150

Explosive Charge Mass — C (kg)

0.0150

M/C Ratio 3.00

0.2 (optimal)10 (max valid)

Physical Dimensions

Outer Radius (cm)

1200

Casing Thickness (cm)

0.150

Length (cm)

5300

Plate Width (cm)

5300

Plate Height (cm)

5300

Charge Thickness (cm)

0.150

Visualization

Real-time Slider Rendering

Show Fragment Vectors

Cross-Section View

Grid Floor

Auto Rotate

Animation Speed

Fragmentation Criteria

Target Material (Penetration)

Target Penetration Depth (mm)

1 mm500 mm

* 5mm is the approximate thickness of a standard drone fiberglass/plastic shell.

Aerodynamic Drag (Cd)

0.1 (Smooth)2.0 (Jagged)

Target Probability Model

Target Distance (m)

1 m2000 m

Target Exposed Area (m²)

0.1 m²100 m²

* 0.6 m² is the approximate exposed surface area of an adult human.

Visual Options

Show Lethal Radius Circle (Red)

Show 100% Hit Circle (Orange)

Show 50% Hit Circle (Blue)

Show Max Range Circle (Yellow)

Shaped Charge Parameters

Explosive Type

Liner Material

Target Material

Charge Diameter (cm)

1.0 cm100 cm

Visual Target Plate Thickness (cm)

0.1 cm100 cm

Cone Full Angle (α)

30°120°

Standoff Distance (CDs)

1.0 CD12.0 CD

The Shaped Charge (HEAT) calculator uses the Birkhoff hydrodynamic theory combined with the Density Law. It borrows the explosive velocity potential (V0) from the active Configuration tab's M/C ratio, assuming an equivalent open-sandwich launch phase.

EFP Parameters

Explosive Type

Liner Material

Target Material

Charge Diameter (cm)

1.0 cm100 cm

Dish Full Angle (α)

120°175°

Standoff Distance (CDs)

1 CD100 CD

The EFP (Explosively Formed Penetrator) calculator uses modified Gurney relationships to predict the inverted slug velocity. Penetration is estimated using aerodynamic degradation over long standoff distances.

Custom Geometry

Outer Radius (ro)

0.5 cm250 cm

Shell Thickness (t_s)

0.1 mm50 mm

Base Plate Thickness (t_p)

0.1 mm50 mm

Materials

Casing Material

Explosive Type

Custom Forms uses decoupled asymmetric partition physics to simulate independent geometries (such as a light hemispherical shell bonded to a heavy flat base) producing dual fragment velocities.

Layered Geometry

Dimensions

Outer Radius (R)

0.5 cm250 cm

Length (L)

5 cm200 cm

Layer Thickness & Structure

Outer Casing Thickness

0.1 mm50 mm

Thermobaric Fuel Thickness

0.1 mm100 mm

Materials

Casing Material

Fuel Composition

Central Burster Charge

V = √(2E) · [M/C + ½]^-½

Cylindrical Configuration

Fragment Velocity 1663 m/s

Kinetic Energy 2.77 MJ/kg

Mach Number 4.84 Ma

🖱️ Drag to rotate ⚙️ Scroll to zoom Right-click to pan

Results

Fragment Velocity

1663 m/s

5456 ft/s | 5987 km/h

Derived Values

Kinetic Energy 1.383 MJ/kg

Mach Number 4.84 Ma

V / √(2E) 0.632 ratio

M/C Ratio 2.00 —

Momentum 3326 kg·m/s

Gurney Energy 3.46 MJ/kg

Fragmentation Estimate

Avg Frag Mass (μ) 0.00 g

Est. Fragments 0 qty

Validity Check

✓

M/C ratio is within valid range (0.2 – 10)

Performance Optimization

Geometry Comparison

Formula Reference

Cylinder

V = √(2E) · [M/C + ½]^−½

Sphere

V = √(2E) · [M/C + ³⁄₅]^−½

Open Sandwich

V = √(2E) · [M/C + ⅓]^−½

Symmetric Sandwich

V = √(2E) · [M/C + ⅓]^−½

Fragmentation Radius

Lethal Penetration Radius

0 m

100% Hit Radius:

0 m

50% Hit Radius:

0 m

Max Travel Dist:

0 m

Configuration Source

Active Geometry Cylinder

Casing Mass 0 kg

Charge Mass 0 kg

M/C Ratio 0 ratio

Initial Veloc. 0 m/s

Avg Mass (μ) 0 g

Est. Total Frags 0 qty

Performance Optimization

Hydrodynamic Penetration

Target Penetration Depth

0 mm

(Jet Density Law Estimate)

Slug Penetration Estimate: 0 mm

Optimal Standoff Location: 0 mm

Birkhoff Jet Profile

Jet Tip Veloc. 0 m/s

Slug Veloc. 0 m/s

Liner V0 0 m/s

Charge Dia. 0 mm

Proj. Standoff 0 mm

Opt. Standoff 0 mm

Performance Optimization

EFP Performance

Rigid Penetration Depth

0 mm

(Poncelet Aerodynamic Estimate)

Slug Profile

Slug Velocity 0 m/s

Impact Veloc. 0 m/s

Kinetic Energy 0 MJ

Slug Mass (Est.) 0 kg

Flight Time 0 ms

Distance 0 m

Performance Optimization

Dome Shell Velocity (V_s)

0 m/s

Base Plate Velocity (V_p)

0 m/s

Asymmetric Partition Data

Base Plate Mass 0 kg

Dome Shell Mass 0 kg

A Ratio (Vp / Vs) 0

Overall System M/C 0

Optimal Standoff 0 mm

Goal Seeking Engine

Lock derived limits to auto-adjust structural physics and meet mission specifications within your tolerance.

Velocity (m/s)

Target

± Tolerance

Adjust Parameter to Satisfy

Mach Number

Target

± Tolerance

Adjust Parameter to Satisfy

Kinetic Energy (MJ/kg)

Target

± Tolerance

Adjust Parameter to Satisfy

Avg. Fragment Mass (g)

Target

± Tolerance

Adjust Parameter to Satisfy

Total Mass (kg)

Target

± Tolerance

Also lock M/C Ratio to:

Adjust Parameter to Satisfy

Ready.